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Atypical Antipsychotic Mechanism of Action, Common Uses, and Management of Significant Side Effects in Psychiatric Care
Risperidone is a widely prescribed second-generation or atypical antipsychotic medication primarily used to manage symptoms associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and irritability in people with autism. Its therapeutic effects stem from its mechanism of action as an antagonist at both dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2 receptors in the brain, which helps rebalance neurotransmitter activity. Clinicians must carefully monitor patients for common side effects like drowsiness, movement problems, and weight gain, as well as more serious risks such as Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS), a rare but life-threatening reaction, and the potential for tardive dyskinesia, a condition involving involuntary, repetitive movements.
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